Employment is key to combating poverty. Thus, detractors of social assistance programs argue that they create … jury is still out with respect to their impact on formal employment. This paper exploits an unannounced change in the … eligibility rule of the Bolsa Familia program in Brazil, one of the oldest and largest conditional cash transfers in the world, to …

successfully compete for formal jobs. Specifically, we calculate the returns to education on formal employment for a discriminated … access to formal jobs. But, for indigenous workers with only secondary education, we find an "informality trap" where returns …Discrimination in formal labor markets can push discriminated groups into labor informality, where wages are lower and …

The effect of minimum wages on employment is a matter of debate, and the existing empirical literature contains mixed … these changes in minimum wages affect employment, considering the effect both on employment within plants and on exit of … plants. Our results show no evidence of an effect of minimum wages on employment in Indonesian plants. One explanation found …

Informal Jobs in Formal Establishments -- The Rigidity of Labour Informality in Peru: The Need for a Paradigm Switch -- (In … and Demographic Employment Patterns -- Equilibrium Unemployment and the Duration of Unemployment Benefits -- Social …