This paper studies Canadians' access to cash using the geographical distribution of automated banking machines (ABMs). We find that over 97% of urban Canadians have access to ABMs in their communities, while 92% of rural people have access to at least one ABM. During the pandemic, there have...

Distance, as a proxy for trade barriers, is found in many studies to matter even for weightless cross-border financial investments and lending, possibly due to the presence of information asymmetries. Its importance is tested in this paper using exports of all five broad categories of the U.K.'s...