Japan's low-rate policies on its government and households. Because of the duration mismatch on the government balance sheet …

Modern Money Theory (MMT) economists have used Japan as an example of a country that demonstrates that high deficits … really spend tax revenue or borrow in their own currency-with Japan serving as an example of a country that does not face … financial budget constraints as normally defined. In this paper we evaluate whether Japan is the poster child of MMT and argue …