This paper consists of two parts focusing on the immigrant's decision to acquire Canadian citizenship, and her … bias appears in Canadian immigrant citizenship decisions and varies by immigrant gender and source country groups. Our … citizenship-non-citizenship earnings differences. Next, we confirmed the standard results that the naturalization decision is …

This paper investigates whether citizenship acquisition affects immigrants' employment in Belgium. To do so, we rely on … Security (CBSS) and survey data from the Labour Force Surveys (LFS). During this period, citizenship was open to all immigrants … carried out using panel data fixed effects techniques applied to a programme evaluation model. We find that citizenship …