We investigate whether Germans immigrants to the US work in higher-status occupations than they would have had they … Germans who migrated as children or as adults. Our results allow us to decompose observed differences in occupational status …

Socioeconomic Panel that allow us to identify and compare four distinct groups: West Germans, East Germans, guestworkers, and ethnic … Germans. We find that the probability of self-employment increases significantly with age for all groups. For immigrants, the … twice as likely to choose selfemployment as ethnic Germans. Further, we find that self-employment is a lucrative choice only …

estimation of the outflow of Germans from the German Reich. The descriptive analysis shows that the dataset is overall …