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for Germany is derived through a stochastic population renewal process using forecasts of mortality, fertility and … indices of mortality and fertility rates. These models are then used in the simulation of future vital rates to obtain age …
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There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a...
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effects of mortality, fertility and migration developments on the dynamics of the German pension system. We show that the past … population structure - driven by past fertility changes - and future mortality improvements will be the most important factors …
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-run trend of decreasing fertility and mortality rates. The estimation results of several error- correction models show that in … the tax load ratio. As a consequence, more action is needed to improve Germany's competiveness as a business location …
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