In 1998 the Norwegian government introduced a program that increased parents' incentives to stay home with children … under the age of three. Many eligible children had older siblings, and we investigate how this program affected long …

data set. In particular, this alternative estimator allows us to exploit the information on children with no siblings in …

This study builds on the debate on whether mothers' employment in the early life of children bring positive or negative … mother may not be able to take care of their children fully. This study estimated the effects of mothers' employment status … to supports children's development as well as creating equity for working mothers in Indonesia. …

(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their … children. Furthermore, education increases the age of first marriage and birth, changes women's and their spouse's labour …