This paper estimates the funding advantage afforded by the joint liability scheme to German Landesbanken. The advantage is estimated by computing the difference between Moody's baseline credit assessment (BCA), representing the stand-alone rating, and the adjusted BCA incorporating group support...

The concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) has become a useful tool in international criminal law. It allows courts to hold individuals criminally liable for group activities to which they have contributed in a criminally relevant way. The concept allows for an attribution of criminal...

Abstract: Verstöße gegen Vorschriften des Wettbewerbsrechts gehen regelmäßig mit einer Schädigung vor- oder nachgelagerter Wirtschaftsstufen einher. Die Urteile ‚Courage’ und ‚Manfredi’, intensive Bemühungen der EU-Kommission, die Rahmenbedingungen für die private Durchsetzung...

The performance of young and newly founded firms depends largely to the human capital of the firm owner. The entrepreneur is therefore one of the main success factors for the firm. Yet entrepreneurs differ considerably in their background and characteristics. Particularly, founders’ individual...

In many economic applications it is desirable to make future predictions about the financial status of a company. The focus of predictions is mainly if a company will default or not. A support vector machine (SVM) is one learning method which uses historical data to establish a classification...