high-technology export controls that are motivated by national security. They estimate the effect of controls on high …-tech export performance of the United States, of its traditional rival (peer) exporters, and of emerging exporters. Using an 11 … importers, both relative to a norm (default group) of importers. These findings suggest high substitutability between export …

A standard finding in the political economy of trade policy literature is that we should expect export … raising revenue via taxation may make export subsidies less desirable and import tariffs more desirable. The model is then …