bilateral applied tariffs for each product category for the universe of available country pairs over the 2001 to 2016 period. We …

Many studies use tariffs to measure changes in trade policy. This paper shows that standard sources for tariffs suffer … from substantial measurement error due to misreporting and the resulting false imputation: Countries fail to report tariffs … every year and missing data are more prevalent for preferential than for most favored nation (MFN) tariffs. WITS, the main …

.g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and …

During the U.S.-China trade war, the U.S. punitive tariffs were almost entirely borne by U.S. importers. In contrast …, only 68% of China's retaliatory tariffs were paid by Chinese importers. The puzzling difference between the U.S. and China …