Background: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) represents out-of-pocket payment as a share of household income. Most previous studies have focused on incidence aspects when assessing health policy efects. However, because CHE incidence is a binary variable, the efect of the health policy...

A health insurer's Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) is the share of premiums spent on medical claims. As part of the goal of reducing the cost of health care coverage, the Affordable Care Act introduced minimum MLR provisions for all health insurance sold in fully-insured commercial markets as of 2011,...

Using administrative data on incomes and healthcare spending, we develop new evidence on the distribution of healthcare spending in Hungary. We document substantial geographic heterogeneity and a positive association between income and public healthcare spending.

This study examines the temporal pattern of healthcare infrastructure and manpower indicators across Indian states and regions between 2006-2020 using a composite index and data from various published sources. The study also investigates the monetary factors determining the quality and provision...