The fixed rate tender is one of the main operational formats used by central banks in the implementation of their monetary policies. While academic research has largely dismissed the procedure for its tendency to encourage overbidding, central banks such as the ECB and the Bank of England have...

In econometrics, Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) models use high-frequency economic or financial duration data, which mostly exhibit irregular time intervals. The ACD model is widely used to examine the duration of transaction volume and duration of price variations in stock markets....