In this paper, we test the applicability of different Fama-French (FF) factor models in Vietnam, we investigate the value factor redundancy and examine the choice of the profitability factor. Our empirical evidence shows that the FF five-factor model has more explanatory power than the FF...

It can be argued that just as there are different kinds of literacy, there are different kinds of illiteracy. A "proximate illiterate," i.e. an illiterate who has easy access to a literate person, is clearly better off than someone without such access. The existing literature that takes account...