This paper examines how degree of competition affects incentives to innovate in product quality in a symmetric Cournot … oligopolistic model. We model product quality in a quality-ladder framework, and find an inverted-U shaped relationship between the …

-product industries with endogenous quality and variety choice. We take advantage of data on physical quantities of outputs and inputs … quality and variety choices may bias standard estimators. Using real exchange rates and variation in the "bite" of the … firms' quality and variety choices, this method yields consistent estimates, free of the quality and variety biases we have …

We analyse the relationship between the quality of a GP practice in England and the degree of competition that it faces … rival GP practices provide a higher quality of care than that provided by GP practices that lack competitors. This higher … level of quality is observed firstly in an indicator of clinical quality (referrals to secondary care for conditions that …

) composition effect: globalization forcing the exit of less productive firms producing low quality goods would have raised the … average quality and thus prices of exported goods; iii) pricing strategies: Italian firms would have maximized profit margins …

Product quality affects how countries specialize in production and international trade: higher-quality varieties of … related empirical studies is that quality is unobserved and is often proxied by prices (unit values), defined as the ratio of … necessarily affecting product quality. This paper assesses the quality of Greek exports over period 1998-2012 based on the …