between the risk-incentives literature in banking that ignores the microeconomics of production and the production literature … that ignores the relationship between production decisions and risk. …We argue for a shift in the focus of modeling production from the traditional assumptions of profit maximization and …

financial intermediation and the supremacy of banks' efficiency. This study examines the concurrent effects of bank risk … risk-taking negatively affects the return. Cost-efficient banks are taking more credit risk; however, more efficiency gains …-taking (efficiency) behaviour of banks. Market competition enhances the risk and efficiency and reduces banks' interest spread. Finally …

considered as a measure of this objective and, in turn, as a measure of productivity in relation to the production process in … which the journals are involved. In order to assess this production process, in this paper econometric models using data … panel are employed to obtain measures of efficiency for those journals belonging simultaneously to the areas of “economics …