Scale characteristics are key properties of production functions that determine optimal firm sizes, and have considerable policy implications for sectors undergoing restructuring. However, estimates of scale characteristics typically vary with the assumptions of the underlying empirical model....

In the paper we investigate relative productivity levels and decompose productivity change for European agriculture between 2004 and 2013. More specifically (1) we contribute to the debate whether agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has declined or not in the European Union (EU); (2) we...