universal random assignment of students to high schools in certain areas of South Korea to provide estimates of school effects … that may better reflect the effects of school practices. We find significant effects of schools on scores in high …-stakes college entrance exams: a 1 standard deviation increase in school quality leads to 0.06-0.08 standard deviations higher …

This paper argues that school grades cannot be interpreted solely as a reward for a given school performance, since … they also reflect teachers' ratings of pupils. Grades therefore contain valuable information about pupils' own - usually … effort that pupils invest in education. Getting discounted grades in year 6 for a given level of math performance assessed …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010- 2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010-2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …

and private schooling on student scores in Australia. We control for observable and unobservable influences, at school and …

schools and all pupils within these schools to analyse the role of the school in accounting for this variation. We analyse a … and attainment levels at the end of secondary schooling. We examine indicators that were the focus of the school … account for a minority of the variance in pupil attainment, and the extent of the variation accounted for by the school is …

We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … school investments are substitutes. …