This paper is an empirical investigation of the complementarity between education and training in 13 European countries …, based on the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). After confirming the standard result that training incidence is … higher among individuals with more education, I find that the relationship between educational attainment and training …

wage compression and training incidence in 11 European countries. After controlling for individual factors and country … training, both firm-specific and general. While the finding for firm-specific training is consistent with both competitive and … non-competitive approaches, the result for general training is only consistent with the non-competitive approach. …

wage compression and training incidence in 11 European countries. I find that, after controlling for individual factors and … compression and training. This positive relationship is confirmed when I consider only general training. While the former finding … is consistent with both competitive and non - competitive approaches to training, the latter result is only consistent …