After the end of World War II in 1945, millions of refugees arrived in what in 1949 became the Federal Republic of … dissolved in 1949. The spatial discontinuity arose because the US zone admitted refugees during the 1945-1949 occupation period … refugees in the former US zone. We estimate that exposure to the arrival of refugees raised income per capita by around 13% and …

examines the determinants of skill downgrading among two types of immigrants - refugees and economic immigrants - in the German … labor markets between 1984 and 2018. We find that refugees downgrade more than economic immigrants, and this discrepancy …

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and crime in a setting where large migration flows offer an … consider possible crime effects from two large waves of immigration that recently occurred in the UK. The first of these was … seekers could have beneficial effects on crime rates. -- Crime ; immigration …

). Our identification allows us to emphasize the role of immigrants' culture in estimating immigration's socio …-economic impact. Additionally, we distinguish between the labor demand and labor supply effects associated with immigration, which … enables us to reflect on the ambiguous labor market impact of immigration suggested in the existing literature. In particular …