We investigate two theoretical approaches that focus on bonuses as part of a firm's long-term wage policy. The first approach argues that explicit bonuses serve as substitutes for implicit career concerns. The second claims that bonuses act as complements to an executive's internal career. Our...

The paper provides empirical evidence how promotion incentives and performance pay are related to nonverifiable human capital acquisition contingent on its grade of firm specificity. Consistent with Prendergast (1993), I document that promotion incentives are positively related to nonverifiable...

Firms may underinvest in local environmental protection even from the private viewpoint of its owners and employees, but works councils may help mitigate this problem. We show that increases in environmental investments when councils are present could be employee-led, firm-led, or jointly-led....

Firms may underinvest in local environmental protection even from the private viewpoint of its owners and employees, but works councils may help mitigate this problem. We show that increases in environmental investments when councils are present could be employee-led, firm-led, or jointly-led....