find that spinoffs are less likely to exit than other startups. We show that in West and East Germany and in all sectors …Using a 50 percent sample of all establishments in the German private sector, we report that spinoffs are larger and … initially employ more skilled and more experienced workers than other startups. Controlling for these and other differences, we …

Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear "shadow of death" effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach. -- firm …

Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear “shadow of death” effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach. …

Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear "shadow of death" effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach. -- firm …

Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear "shadow of death" effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach …

startups in Italy. Using geocoded firm‐level data, we build micro‐geographic measures of specialization and diversity that are … can be deduced: these kinds of external economies have a negative effect on innovative startups' survival at the beginning … of their activity, which then reverses to be positive when innovative startups reach a certain maturity. …