the case. Using a new method to detect close election outcomes in multi-party systems, we isolate truly exogenous …

autonomously by German municipalities. As election dates vary across local councils, the data allows us to disentangle effects … behavior as the growth rate of the local business tax is significantly reduced in the election year and the year prior to the … election, while it jumps up in the year after the election. This pattern turns out to be robust against a number of sensitivity …

autonomously by German municipalities. As election dates vary across local councils, the data allows us to disentangle effects … behavior as the growth rate of the local business tax is significantly reduced in the election year and the year prior to the … election, while it jumps up in the year after the election. This pattern turns out to be robust against a number of sensitivity …

municipal budgets as well as the election results and qualification levels of mayoral candidates. We principally use a …

cycles increase government efficiency in election and pre-election years by around 0.75- 0.85 %. The effect is larger when …

This paper provides empirical evidence on the party incumbency advantage in mayoral elections in Germany. Using a …-40 percentage points in the probability of winning the next mayor election. The electoral advantage is larger for fulltime mayors …. Finally, I show that the total effect is due to an effect on the probability that the party participates in the next election …

empirical implications are tested using a large panel of jurisdictions in Germany, which have discretion in setting the local …