-in-differences and instrumental variables approach to ensure exogeneity of the decision of mayors to run for re-election, we provide … evidence that, in the absence of an election, K2 grants led to an increase in a municipality’s spending on long-run investment …, while municipalities in which the incumbent mayor stood for re-election used grants to increase both, long-run and rapidly …

state tier. This e ffect only materializes in the election year which suggests that mayors under the new electoral rule put … more e ffort into grant applications for highly visible infrastructure projects in order to increase their re-election …

This paper provides empirical evidence on the party incumbency advantage in mayoral elections in Germany. Using a …-40 percentage points in the probability of winning the next mayor election. The electoral advantage is larger for fulltime mayors …. Finally, I show that the total effect is due to an effect on the probability that the party participates in the next election …

autonomously by German municipalities. As election dates vary across local councils, the data allows us to disentangle effects … behavior as the growth rate of the local business tax is significantly reduced in the election year and the year prior to the … election, while it jumps up in the year after the election. This pattern turns out to be robust against a number of sensitivity …

autonomously by German municipalities. As election dates vary across local councils, the data allows us to disentangle effects … behavior as the growth rate of the local business tax is significantly reduced in the election year and the year prior to the … election, while it jumps up in the year after the election. This pattern turns out to be robust against a number of sensitivity …

autonomously by German municipalities. As election dates vary across local councils, the data allows us to disentangle effects … behavior as the growth rate of the local business tax is significantly reduced in the election year and the year prior to the … election, while it jumps up in the year after the election. This pattern turns out to be robust against a number of sensitivity …

municipal budgets as well as the election results and qualification levels of mayoral candidates. We principally use a …

municipal budgets as well as the election results and qualification levels of mayoral candidates. We principally use a …