The euro was launched, on 1 January 1999, as a common currency for members of the European Union that complied with the … impact of the euro on the degree of market integration by looking at the comovement of the European equity markets and a … sample of OECD equity markets. Weekly stock market indices for the period covering seven years before the euro and seven …

This paper analyses mutual causalities between crude oil price and euro / US dollar exchange rate. Instead of focusing … cause inverse reactions of the dollar price and affect itsvolatility. Reversely, dollar appreciation asymmetrically …