A. Einführung - B. Tauschringe: einige Grundlagen: Was Tauschringe sind und wie sie funktionieren - Geschichte und neuere Entwicklung der Tauschringe - Ziele, Probleme und Möglichkeiten der Tauschringe - Rechtsfragen - Zusammenfassung - C. Tauschringe: neue Organisationen in der...

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official GDP) over 1999-2000 in developing countries is 41 percent, in transition countries...

This study investigates the size and determinants of the shadow economy in Nigeria. It adopts an aggregation approach within the monetary framework and utilises the ARDL estimation technique to analyse quarterly data from 2010 Q1 to 2019 Q4. On average, the results suggest that the quarterly...

Using an enhanced MIMIC method, this paper presents new and long-run estimates of the Informal Economy (IE) for 152 countries from 1997 to 2022. We address several limitations found in previous estimates of the IE, notably issues surrounding the missing values, time-invariant country...