The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of competition, both internal and external, and of the business cycle on … which complies with earlier estimations by the authors. According to the estimations carried out, competition has a … significant impact on the level of markups. This result applies both to internal competition, measured by market concentration …

analysis. These findings show that European Commission interventions are competition enhancing and support the expected …

to initiate adequate investment incentives. Using a two-equation estimation approach, a direct competition effect (more … service competition increases the supply of infrastructure) can be disentangled from an indirect effect (more service … competition increases the demand for infrastructure quality and, as a consequence, increases the supply of infrastructure). While …