, this discretion makes the court more efficient. Efficiency comes at a political cost, though. This discretion also gives … investigates whether the ensuing efficiency gain comes at the cost of biasing the court's jurisprudence. The paper exploits a new … degree has the court taken an individual case seriously? It then investigates whether observed indicators for bias explain …

studied so widely. On the one hand, to a large extent, ideological and gender bias are neutralized by design. On the other …

bias in labor court activity - that is, court activity varies systematically with the political leaning of the government …

methods perform that promise to reduce such a bias. Based on data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which covers … indicate that weighting by inverse mobility scores reduces the bias to about 60 percent whereas the official longitudinal … weights obtained by calibration result in a bias reduction of about 80 percent. The estimation of loglinear models for …

selection bias. Using a novel dataset of the whole population of patents by Belgian firms, we show that the single-office count … results in a selection bias that affects econometric estimates of innovation production functions. We propose a methodology to … evaluate whether estimates that rely on the single-office count are affected by a selection bias. -- Innovation production …

specter of a selection bias. Using novel datasets of the whole population of patents by Belgian firms and German universities …, we show that the single-office count results in a selection bias that affects econometric estimates of invention … a selection bias …

being studied (e.g., union status) is not a criterion used to match donors to nonrespondents. An expression for "match bias … proportion with imputed earnings. Union wage gap estimates with match bias removed are presented for 1973-2001. Estimates in … recent years are biased downward 5 percentage points. Bias in gap estimates accompanying other non-match criteria (public …