We examine whether parental and school investments reinforce or compensate for student performance. Our analysis … exploits school-starting-age rules in 34 countries, capturing achievement variation that arises because younger children … typically underperform their older peers. Parents respond to lower performance by providing additional homework help, while …

a women's empowerment programme in rural India on child immunization and school enrollment. The survey covers both … not yet active. We account for participation selection bias using instrumental variables. The control villages allow us to …

This paper analyzes how changes in school expenditures affect dropout rates and standardized test scores based on data … from 465 school districts in New York during the 2003/04 to the 2008/09 school years. Past traditional regression … approaches show inconsistent results of school expenditures because of an endogeneity problem. The regression discontinuity …

The school resources - educational outcomes debate has focused almost exclusively on spending levels. We extend this by … especially important in primary- and middle-school years. Spending on school leadership - primarily principals - is also linked …

implications of different voting participation across income groups. The predictions of the model are supported by U.S. school …

where the private option is available and voting participation differs across income groups. A change in inequality can have … non-monotonic effects. These theoretical predictions, with support in U.S. school district-level data, reconcile previous …

significantly for children of all backgrounds. There is, however, complete fade-out for children with highly educated parents. Given … positive longrun effects for children with low-educated parents, the treatment reduces child skill gaps across parents …' education by 46%. We show that the heterogeneous treatment effects are a result of differences in parents' responses in terms of …

We develop a model that analyzes the impact of residential neighborhood and parents' involvement in education on … quality of the neighborhood, the higher the parents' involvement in children's education, indicating cultural complementarity …. For high-educated parents, the child's educational attainment is more affected by the parents' involvement than by the …

when exposed to a higher share of girls at school. The opposite is true for girls who have sisters. We also show that the …

-run outcomes up to age 27. We exploit exogenous variation in skills due to school entry rules, combining 20 years of Chilean … administrative records with a regression discontinuity design. Our results show higher in-school performance and college entrance …