scores for eight birth cohorts of Rhode Island children born between 1997 and 2005. Using these data, we show that reductions … of lead from even historically low levels have significant positive effects on children's reading test scores in third ….1 percentage points (on a baseline of 12 percent). Moreover, as we show, poor and minority children are more likely to be exposed …

,000 children born 1990-2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on behavior: school suspensions and juvenile detention …

,000 children born 1990-2004 in Rhode Island, we estimate the impact of lead on behavior: school suspensions and juvenile detention …

This paper estimates the causal effects of parental education on their children's risky health behaviours and health …. Instrumental variable estimates and difference-in-differences estimates reveal that increases in maternal schooling reduce children … children's education and improvements in their peer environment early in life are important for explaining the effects. Changes …