a role in explaining CO2 emissions. -- CO2 emissions ; developing countries ; panel data ; population growth … ; urbanization …

to explore the influence of structural change on urbanization in terms of population, energy, industry, and economics … while accounting for per capita carbon emissions. In this article, three income groups are defined using the World Bank … database's income criteria, and panel data for 132 countries and three income groups is regressed using a panel threshold model …

, urbanization and energy supply are essential to the ASEAN economy. This study examines the effects of CO2 emissions and urban … groups. According to the results of this study's panel data analysis, urban population, and CO2 emissions per capita have a …

present world. This transition, however, largely depends upon financial sources required for start-up investments, operating …, and Driscoll and Kraay regression. Additionally, the dynamic panel threshold technique is utilized to obtain the threshold … of FD. Moreover, economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and trade showed a significant impact on RE …