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We find that IPO firms engage in real and accrual earnings management during the IPO and that big-N audit firms … constrain discretionary expenses-based and accrual-based manipulations. The restriction of these forms of earnings management … leads IPO firms to resort to a higher level of sales-based manipulation. Our results show that both sales-based and accrual …
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This article examines the impact of the divergence between corporate insiders' control rights and cash-flow rights on firms' external finance constraints via generalized method of moments estimation of an investment Euler equation. Using a large sample of U.S. firms during the 1994–2002...
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We show that financial constraints may benefit innovation by improving the efficiency of innovative activities. We measure firm-level innovative efficiency by patents (or patent citations) scaled by R&D (research and development) investment or the number of employees, and find that financial...
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Using significantly under-exploited data from institutional sector accounts, we assess the main drivers of both firms' and households' investment in Italy over the past two decades. We estimate a vector error correction model separately for firms and for households. Our findings support the...
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