Earlier research has shown that lender income and wealth constraint ratios discourage homeownership. This empirical research has been based on home purchasers using an 80 percent loan-to-value (LTV) fixed-rate conventional loan. Employing the same assumption, we find that the constraints lowered...

A house is a bundle of land and improvements, with the weights of the two components varying both over time and across locations. We capture the land intensity or 'leverage' of a property by measuring the ratio of land to total value. This is accomplished using transactions data for single...