In this paper, we establish the importance of experience in international trade in reducing unmeasured trade costs and facilitating bilateral trade. We find a strong role for experience, measured in years of positive trade, for both aggregate and sectoral bilateral trade. In an augmented gravity...

This paper tests the hypothesis that an increase in US trade with countries with weak effectiveness in the protection of intellectual property (IP) has expanded the threat of competitive imitation of US firms, and has contributed to the skill deepening of the 1980s. We draw on Thoenig and...