positive association between democracy and economic growth is driven by endogenous democratization episodes (i.e., due to …This article challenges recent findings that democracy has sizable effects on economic growth. As extensive political … paper focuses on this endogeneity concern. Using a worldwide survey of 165 country-specific democracy experts conducted for …

intermediate democracy level. For more evolved democracies, further democratization may impact growth negatively, negligibly or …This paper attempts to model the relationship between economic growth and democratization, with an emphasis on non …-linearities. I adopt and explore the concept of “political capital” as a measure of democracy, which is extremely uncommon in the …

Does democracy affect trade? There are several channels by which democracy may affect trade, with differing … implications. First, democratization in the exporting country can improve product quality and reduce trade costs, increasing … bilateral trade. Second, democratization in the importing country may increase trade barriers and thus reduce imports. In this …