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during the week after this birthday. We do not, however, find that harsher punishment reduces the crime rate permanently. …" in the sense that more crimes were committed during the week prior to a 21st birthday, followed by a reduction in crime …
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This paper proposes a test of racial bias in capital sentencing based upon patterns of judicial errors in lower courts. We model the behavior of the trial court as minimizing a weighted sum of the probability of sentencing an innocent and that of letting a guilty defendant free. We define racial...
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is little support, therefore, for the 'broken windows' theory of Wilson and Kelling (1982). Yet, perceptions do respond … to changes in an individual's own criminal and arrest history. Young males who engage in crime but are not arrested … to engage in crime during subsequent periods. Following an arrest, individuals commit less crime, consistent with …
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, and we instrument the punishment faced by a ticketed driver with the stopping officer's average lenience towards other …
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