With the increasing integration of wind and photovoltaic power in the whole European power system, there is a longing for detecting how to trade energy in the ever-changing intraday market from electric power industries. The intraday trading becomes even more relevant in the wake of the European...

Managers use derivatives to reduce cash flow volatility and achieve earnings smoothing. In 1998, FASB issued SFAS No. 133, under which firms are no longer allowed to simultaneously record all offsetting gains and losses on the items being hedged. Thus, critics argued that this treatment could...