We build a modified measure of disaggregation quality (MDQ), based on the disaggregation quality (DQ) measure from Chen, Miao, and Shevlin (2015). Like DQ, MDQ is a parsimonious measure of data disaggregation quality in the annual report that can be constructed through the percentage of...

This paper provides new evidence concerning the probability of informed trading (PIN) and the PIN-return relationship. We take measures to overcome known estimation biases and improve the quality of quarterly PIN estimates. We use the average of a firm's PIN estimates in four consecutive...