Mortality models are fundamental to quantify mortality/longevity risks and provide the basis of pricing and reserving. In this paper, we consider a family of mortality jump models and propose a new generalized Lee-Carter model with asymmetric double exponential jumps. It is asymmetric in terms...

Chronic disease is a kind of health shock that most people cannot avoid, which will increase households' medical expenditure and probably decrease other consumptions. Health insurance is a formal mechanism against health shocks. Theoretically, the integration policy of rural and urban residents...