This paper shows that firm profits (and losses), and value added, are strongly related to individual hourly basic wages for most employees, as well as to the total earnings measures used previously but correlated with working time. Capital intensity is independently important without reducing...

The authors investigate the effects on absenteeism of two types of employee sharing plans--profit-sharing and employee share ownership--in 127 French firms over the years 1981-91. Both types of plans were associated with statistically significant reductions in absenteeism. Most effective was the...