2017/18, Russia ultimately became the world’s largest wheat exporter, a position that was held by the USA for decades …Over the past two decades, the Black Sea region has exhibited significantly growing wheat production and exports. In … to ensuring regional and global food security. However, the Russian wheat export market shows several characteristics …

We consider VAR models for variables exhibiting cointegration and common cyclical features. While the presence of … cointegration reduces the rank of the long-run multiplier matrix, other types of common features lead to rank reduction of the short …

leader. We estimate a model of wage formation in manufacturing and in two other sectors. Deciding cointegration rank is an … cointegration analysis provides evidence that collective wage negotiations in manufacturing have defined wage norms for the rest of …