for the analysis is established with the quadrangle theory of risk functions. We derived relationships between elements of …A popular risk measure, conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), is called expected shortfall (ES) in financial applications … on the website. The case study was done with the Portfolio Safeguard (PSG) optimization package, which has precoded risk …

risk assessment, uncertainty-penalized optimization to counter estimation error and improve realized utility, and …Covariance appears throughout investment management, e.g., in risk reporting and control, portfolio construction, risk …

risk. Risk and return are generally considered two positively correlated sizes, during the growth of risk it is expected … increase of return to compensate the higher risk. The quantification of risk in the capital market represents the current topic … assets. Three main Value at Risk (VaR) methodologies are decribed and explained in detail: historical method, parametric …

Equity basket correlation is an important risk factor. It characterizes the strength of linear dependence between … return series, and under the risk neutral measure from option prices. The difference between the two estimates motivates a so … of computational burden and estimation error. First the number of correlation coefficients to be estimated would grow …