The main focus of the study is to estimate variability in income distribution of households by conducting a survey. The …

of prediction using "big data". In this paper, our over-arching question is whether such "big data" are useful for … approaches, and benchmark econometric models; and all used in the prediction of 11 key macroeconomic variables relevant for … forms of shrinkage. For example, SPCA yields MSFE-best prediction models in many cases, particularly when coupled with …

function and prediction intervals are obtained. …