Discrimination in lending can occur either in face-to-face decisions or in algorithmic scoring. We provide a workable … interpretation of the courts' legitimate-business-necessity defense of statistical discrimination. We then estimate the extent of … racial/ethnic discrimination in the largest consumer-lending market using an identification afforded by the pricing of …

Discrimination in lending can occur either in face-to-face decisions or in algorithmic scoring. We provide a workable … interpretation of the courts' legitimate-business-necessity defense of statistical discrimination. We then estimate the extent of … racial/ethnic discrimination in the largest consumer-lending market using an identification afforded by the pricing of …

We use a new methodology to assess mortgage pricing discrimination faced by minority borrowers. We identify a "menu … dimensions of mortgage pricing are by now often available, intuitively attractive metrics of lender pricing discrimination used … (HMDA) data to Optimal Blue rate locks, and present novel results on mortgage pricing discrimination. …

by traditional banks helps to address discrimination in lending, at least in part. Using newly released data on the PPP …

is attributed to discrimination in bank lending. Although the difference in the probability of getting a smaller loan … than requested is only 5 percentage points, this difference is almost entirely attributed to discrimination …

. Using mortgage application data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, we document a large and persistent cross …

This paper examines racial and ethnic differences in high cost mortgage lending in seven diverse metropolitan areas … lenders explains almost all of the racial and ethnic differences in high cost mortgage borrowing …

scores by the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) in mortgage underwriting to answer this question. The use of credit …