A financial transaction tax (FTT) compares to a value-added tax on financial transactions and financial services. This … differs from the financial activity tax (FAT) that is raised on profits of financial companies or on profit …, the assessment base and the tax rate. The European Union hasn't been able to design an EU-wide FTT; not even the complete …

refinancing credit to commercial banks 3. ECB government bond purchases and official bail-out programmes 3.1 From indirect to … to refinancing credits 4.3 Target losses in the case of exit and bankruptcy, should the euro continue to exist 4.4 Target … losses in the case of a euro break-up or a German exit 4.5 Shift in growth forces due to free insurance coverage 4.6 The path …

This paper explores the impact of the European debt crisis on the valuation of sovereign debt in the euro area in a … sovereign debt at the beginning of the European debt crisis. While for core euro-area countries this structural break takes the … debt levels, a downward shift is observed for a set of peripheral euro-area countries. These findings are consistent with …

The composition of amounts outstanding in over-the-counter derivatives shifted towards the euro and cleared instruments …

integration through a single monetary unit — namely, the euro. However, whereas markets might be fully integrated even without a … common European currency, the euro and its functional institutions are shrinking sovereignty within member states. Today, the … euro will shrink democracy to village governance level only. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc …

the rate of monetary and financial systems integration deployed within the Euro area is not sustainable in the long run …. Instead of acting as a buffer against external shocks and internal imbalances within the Euro area, the common currency has … a disorderly unwinding of the Euro area over time and the accumulation of significant long-term economic costs of …

documentation of each individual Euro area sovereign bond contract. To illustrate, prior to January 1, 2013, all of the terms of a …

The Euro and the RMB are both relatively new currencies traded on the global foreign exchange market. While the Euro … was introduced in 2001, China started cross-border settlement in RMB in 2009. We analyse the evolution of Euro trading … that – similar to the RMB – Euro trading displayed some convergence to the geographical pattern of all currencies in the …