The Mechanism of forming of the liquidity level of national central banks participating in ESCB is clear. It is based on centralized and decentralized operations. The ECB decides on the direction of the monetary policy, and the national central banks implement the monetary policy taking into...

The Mechanism of forming of the liquidity level of national central banks participating in ESCB is clear. It is based on centralized and decentralized operations. The ECB decides on the direction of the monetary policy, and the national central banks implement the monetary policy taking into...

The European Union has recently implemented one of the biggest reform packages in its history. Developed solutions are designed to (1) strengthen EU’s resilience to shocks and (2) improve its shock absorption capabilities. It seems that so far stress was mainly placed on the first objective....