The European economic integration started in the aftermath of the World War II, but its specific monetary story just since 1971. The European Community here made history by her performing, as real lessons of the monetary topic area, but despite this the whole history of money world-wide is much...

We are just continuing on our approach on FD I(flows and stocks) at the international scale , and this time focusing on the Euro-zone region and this for two reasons related to our precedent article. First, this is an integrated region, besides individual countries previously considered; second,...

The current paper develops an analysis on the degree of business cycle convergence of the new member states of the EU towards the Euro area core (Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg) during 1996 – 2010. Unlike the previous research, the study takes into consideration...

This paper provides an updated picture of the degree of business cycles synchronization in the European Union, analyzing its evolution during 1999-2011. We use the Hodrick-Prescott filter to capture the relevant trends in the business cycles and the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the...

The economic and monetary union was actually compulsory, despite that the Maastricht Treaty does not express as such. Moreover, specialists argue that the monetary union is equally required to be fiscal as well. And what is this? Of course, strenghtening central governance, once more against the...

In 1961, in the earlier stage of the European integration, Bela Balassa proposed a five successive phase model about it as a foresight. Today, the half century experience on integration and corresponding literature issued just lets us see rather two big phases (instead of five). The one would be...

In 1961, in the earlier stage of the European integration, professor Bela Balassa proposed a five successive phase model. Today, the half century experience on integration and corresponding literature issued lets us see rather two big phases (instead of five). The one would be the incipient...