In recent years there has been growing attention on the risks posed by climate change. One relevant question for financial stability is to which extent the materialisation of transition risks emerging from the sudden implementation of climate change mitigation policies would impact the...

What is the effect of carbon pricing on inflation? This paper shows empirically that the consequences of the European Union's Emission Trading System (ETS) and national carbon taxation on inflation have been limited in the euro area, so far. This result is supported by analysis based on a panel...

In this article assumptions and forecasts of contradictory manifestos of economists Eurosceptics versus Euro-optimists are confronted with reality. Some of the major findings are: (1) The convergence criteria were not applied exactly and strictly as politicians have postulated in advance but...