In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … transactions in Germany. The rest is hoarded (10%), circulates in other euro area countries (25%) or is held outside the euro area …

. Due to the inadequate data availability, the cash balance held for domestic transactions by sector cannot be fully … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …

perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend … government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained …

consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash …

transactions is decreasing in the euro area – a phenomenon known as the paradox of banknotes – the members of the Overseas … workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes …In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for …

banknotes and take due account of other determinants of cash demand. We find a significant and positive relationship between the … cash demand equation including the shadow economy. …

account of the change in the circulation of euro banknotes and the use of cash in transactions during the pandemic; and (2) to … increase in demand for cash as a store of value but a decrease in the use of cash in transactions. Although citizens reported … using cash less in transactions partly out of fear of infection, research confirms that the risk of the virus being …

cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area …Although euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation for fifteen years, not much is known about the actual use of … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of …

panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and …' cash holdings, the volume of transactions and the size of the shadow economy irrespective of country size for all euro area …We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a …