The implementation of European Union directives into national law is at the discretion of member states. We analyze …. -- European Union law ; directives ; compliance ; European Court of Justice ; court behavior ; uncertainty ; legal process …

perspective, namely the re-conceptualisation of European law as "new type of conflicts law". The new type of conflicts law which … conflict between European economic freedoms and national industrial relations (collective labour) law. The recent jurisprudence … labour law is criticised as a counter-productive deepening of Europe's constitutional asymmetry and its social deficit. …