This paper analyses how many euro coins outflow from Germany and which composition of coins is to be expected in the … long run. To this end, a simple mathematical model is formulated and calibrated for €1 coins. The introduction of the euro … different euro-area countries. Based on research by Stoyan and depending on growth assumptions, the annual outflow of German €1 …

political issues: an accesible guide.This history and analysis of the euro and the European Central Bank traces the process of … European monetary integration from its beginnings as a utopian vision in the aftermath of World War II through the … making of European monetary unification since 1979, offers an accessible guide to the euro and the European Central Bank for …