Minimum harmonization in European environmental law essentially means that the Member States have the power to lay down more stringent standards in this area of regulation than those laid down by European legislation. However, there are indications which seem to suggest that Member States make...

The visible encroachment of industrial development on the environment, and its unintended consequences, has increased public demand for better environmental management and policy. As policy makers struggle to meet these demands, empirical analysis of the effects of environmental policies is...